Abatement Debris: refers to waste resulting
from remediation activities.
Agricultural Waste: refers to solid waste that
is generated by the rearing of animals or the production and
harvest of crops or trees.
Aluminum Cans: refers to containers and
packaging such as beverage cans or food and other nonfood cans.
Examples of recycling include processing cans into new aluminum
products (containers or foil).
Alternate Treatment Standards: Optional
treatment standards for debris or soil. Generators or processors
can comply with either the land disposal treatment requirements or
the alternate treatment standards.
Aqueous Waste: Waste that is aqueous and contains
less than one per cent total organic carbon by weight, and less
than one per cent total suspended solids by weight. Concentration
requirements for aqueous wastes are based on analysis of composite
samples on a milligram per litre (mg/L) basis.
Backyard Composting: refers to the diversion of
food scraps and yard trimmings from the municipal waste stream
through the onsite controlled decomposition of organic matter by
micro-organisms (mainly bacteria and fungi) into a humus-like
product. Backyard composting is excluded from recycling
activities. Rather, it is considered source reduction because the
composted materials never enter the municipal solid waste
stream
Broad Categories: refers to general
classifications of recyclable materials (glass, paper, plastic,
metals).
Broker: refers to an individual or group of
individuals who act as an agent or intermediary between the sellers
and buyers of recyclable materials.
Brush and Branches: refers to the natural woody
material collected from yard trimmings. Whole trees, such as
Christmas trees, are included. Excludes leaves and grass.
Examples of recycling include processing brush and branches into
compost additive or mulch.
Bulky Waste: refers to those items that are
large enough to warrant special collection services separate from
regular residential curbside collection. Examples include major
appliances and furniture.
Buy-Back Center: refers to a facility where
individuals or groups of individuals exchange recyclables for
payment.
Collector: refers to public or private haulers
that collect nonhazardous waste and recyclable materials from
residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sources.
Also see Hauler.
Combustion Ash: refers to the residual
substance produced during the burning, combustion, or oxidation of
waste material.
Commercial Waste: refers to waste generated by
businesses, such as office buildings; retail and wholesale
establishments; and restaurants. Examples include old corrugated
containers, food scraps, office papers, disposable tableware, paper
napkins, and yard trimmings.
Commingled Recyclables: refers to a mixture of
several recyclable materials in one container.
Composting Facilities: refers to an offsite
facility where the organic component of municipal solid scraps is
biologically decomposed under controlled conditions; an aerobic
process in which organic materials are ground or shredded and then
decomposed to humus in windrow piles or in mechanical digesters,
drums, or similar enclosures.
Computer Paper/Printout: refers to a type of
paper used in manifold business forms and produced in rolls and/or
fan folded. It is used with computers and word processors to print
data, information, letters, advertising, etc.
Construction and Demolition (C&D) Debris:
refers to waste that is generated during the construction,
remodeling, repair, or demolition of buildings, bridges, pavements,
and other structures. C&D debris includes concrete, asphalt,
lumber, steel girders, steel rods, wiring, dry wall, carpets,
window glass, metal and plastic
Consumer Price Index: refers to an index
measuring the change in the cost of typical wage-earner purchases
of goods and services expressed as a percentage of the cost of
these same goods and services in some base period.
Contaminated Soil: refers to the introduction
of micro-organisms, chemicals, toxic substances, wastes, or
wastewater into soil in concentrations that make the soil unfit for
its intended use.
Crumb Rubber: refers to ground rubber pieces
the size of sand or silt used in rubber or plastic products, or
processed further into reclaimed rubber or asphalt products.
Certificate of Approval (C of A): A legal
document that permits and controls how specific activities (e.g.,
waste management systems) may be carried out. The requirements set
out in a C of A are binding on the holder, and enforceable under
provincial legislation.
Characteristic Waste: Hazardous waste that is
corrosive waste, ignitable waste, leachate toxic waste, or reactive
waste.
Disposal Facilities: refers to repositories for
solid waste including landfills and combustors intended for
permanent containment or destruction of waste materials.
Excludes transfer stations and composting facilities.
Drop-Off Center: refers to a method of
collection whereby recyclable or compostable materials are taken by
individuals to a collection site and placed in designated
containers.
Decharacterized Wastes: Treated characteristic
waste that no longer exhibits the characteristics of a corrosive
waste, ignitable waste, leachate toxic waste, or reactive
waste.
End User: refers to facilities that purchase or
secure recovered materials for the purpose of recycling. Examples
include recycling plants and composting facilities. Excludes waste
disposal facilities.
Exports: refers to municipal solid waste and
recyclables that are transported outside the state or locality
where they originated.
EPA: Refers to the Environmental Protection
Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. E. 19.
Ferrous Metals: refers to magnetic metals
derived from iron (steel). Products made from ferrous metals
include major and small appliances, furniture, and containers and
packaging (steel drums and barrels). Examples of recycling include
processing tin/steel cans, strapping, and ferrous metals from
appliances into new products.
Food Processing Waste: refers to food residues
produced during agricultural and industrial operations.
Food Scraps: refers to uneaten food and food
preparation wastes from residences and commercial establishments
(grocery stores, restaurants, and produce stands), institutional
sources (school cafeterias), and industrial sources (employee
lunchrooms). Excludes food processing waste from
agricultural and industrial operations. Examples of recycling
include composting and using food scraps to feed pigs, but
excludes source reduction activities such as backyard
(onsite) composting and use of food items for human consumption
(food banks).
Generator(s): refers to producers of municipal
solid waste such as residences, institutions, commercial businesses
and industry. Can also refer to the operator of a waste
generation facility. This includes the original generator of the
waste, as well as all subsequent generators that are involved in
the chain of custody of the waste, such as a transfer station that
receives waste and then ships it to another receiver. When the
waste moves from the transfer station to another receiver, the
transfer station is considered to be the generator for the
subsequent shipment from its facility.
Glass Beneficiation Plant: refers to a glass
processing facility where recovered glass cullet is cleaned of
contaminants and processed into a form that is ready to be
manufactured into a new product (mill-ready).
Glass Containers: refers to containers and
packaging such as beer and soft drink bottles, wine and liquor
bottles, and bottles and jars for food, cosmetics, and other
products. For the purpose of recycling, container glass is
generally separated into color categories (clear, green, and amber
or brown). Examples of recycling include processing glass into new
containers, construction materials (aggregate), or fiberglass
(insulation).
Grass: refers to lawn clippings. Excludes
leaves, brush, and branches.
Grasscycling: refers to the source reduction
activity whereby grass clippings are left on the lawn after
mowing.
Gross Sales Receipts: taxable transactions, or
the total dollar value of goods sold in a state that is subject to
state sales tax. The specific goods subjected to sales tax vary
from state to state.
Hauler: refers to a waste collection company
that provides complete refuse removal services. Many will also
collect recyclables. Includes both private and public entities.
Also see Collector.
HDPE (High Density Polyethylene): refers to a
plastic product in which the ethylene molecules are linked in long
chains with few side branches. Examples of products made from HDPE
include milk jugs, detergent bottles, margarine tubs, and garbage
containers.
Household Hazardous Waste (HHW): refers to
hazardous products that are used and disposed of by residential
rather than industrial consumers. These products include some
paints, stains, varnishes, solvents, and pesticides, and other
materials or products containing volatile chemicals that catch
fire, react, explode under certain circumstances, or that are
corrosive or toxic. HHW is derived from municipal solid waste (MSW)
with the exception of used oil which is excluded from the category
of MSW. Examples of recycling include processing HHW components
into new products after they have been diverted from the waste
stream. Diversion from the waste stream only does not constitute
recycling (i.e., through collection or drop-off
programs).
Imports: refers to municipal solid waste and
recyclables that have been transported to a state or locality for
processing or final disposition, but that did not originate in that
state or locality.
Incinerator: refers to a furnace for burning
solid waste under controlled conditions.
Industrial Process Waste: refers to residues
produced during manufacturing operations.
Industrial Sludge: refers to the semi-liquid
residue remaining from the treatment of industrial water and
wastewater.
Industrial Waste: refers to nonhazardous wastes
discarded at industrial sites from packaging and administrative
sources. Examples include corrugated boxes, plastic film, wood
pallets, lunchroom wastes, and office paper. Excludes
industrial process wastes from manufacturing operations.
Institutional Waste: refers to waste generated
at institutions, such as schools, libraries, hospitals, and
prisons. Examples include cafeteria and restroom trashcan wastes,
office papers, classroom wastes, and yard trimmings.
Lab Pack: An over-pack container, usually a
steel or fibre drum, that generally contains small quantities of
chemicals, and where each waste is individually packaged and packed
together into a common container.
Major (Large) Appliances: refers to many different
types, sizes, and styles of ovens, microwave ovens,
air-conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, washers, dryers,
dishwashers, water heaters, dehumidifiers, or trash compactors
manufactured for household, commercial, or recreational use. Steel
is the predominant material used in the manufacture of large
appliances. Other materials found in appliances (in varying
amounts) include, copper, brass, aluminum, glass, rubber, and
paperboard. Also see White Goods and Bulky Waste.
Material Recovery Facility (MRF): refers to a
facility where recyclables are sorted into specific categories and
processed, or transported to processors, for remanufacturing.
Medical Waste: refers to any solid waste
generated in the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human
beings or animals, in research pertaining thereto, or in the
production or testing of biologicals.
Mill-Ready Cullet: refers to crushed and whole
contaminant-free scrap container glass that complies with the
proper Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, Inc. glass
specifications.
Mining Waste: refers to residues resulting from
the extraction of raw materials from the earth.
Minor Appliances: see Small Appliances.
Mixed Glass: refers to recovered container
glass that is not sorted into specific categories (color and
grade).
Mixed Metals: refers to recovered metal that is
not sorted into specific categories (aluminum cans, tin/steel cans,
other ferrous, and other nonferrous).
Mixed Municipal Solid Waste: refers to
municipal solid waste that is not sorted into specific categories
(plastics, glass, and yard trimmings).
Mixed Paper: refers to recovered paper that is
not sorted into specific categories (old magazines, old newspapers,
and old corrugated containers).
Mixed Plastic: refers to recovered plastic that
is not sorted into specific categories (HDPE, LDPE, and PETE).
Mulching: refers to the process by which the
volume of organic waste is reduced through shredding or
grinding.
Municipal Sludge: refers to the semi-liquid
residue remaining from the treatment of municipal water and
wastewater.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): refers to wastes
such as durable goods, nondurable goods, containers and packaging,
food scraps, yard trimmings, and miscellaneous inorganic wastes
from residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial
sources, such as appliances, automobile tires, old newspapers,
clothing, disposable tableware, office and classroom paper, wood
pallets, and cafeteria wastes. Excludes solid wastes from
other sources, such as construction and demolition debris,
autobodies, municipal sludges, combustion ash, and industrial
process wastes that might also be disposed of in municipal waste
landfills or incinerators.
Natural Disaster Debris: refers to wastes
resulting from earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, tornados, and other
natural disasters. Excludes wastes resulting from heavy
storms. Natural disaster debris is classified as construction and
demolition debris.
Nonferrous Metals: refers to nonmagnetic metals
such as aluminum, lead, and copper. Products made from nonferrous
metals include containers and packaging such as beverage cans, food
and other nonfood cans; nonferrous metals found in appliances,
furniture, electronic equipment; and nonpackaging aluminum products
(foil, closures, and lids from bimetal cans). Excludes
lead-acid batteries and nonferrous metals from industrial
applications and construction and demolition debris.
Nonhazardous Industrial Process Waste: refers
to waste that is neither municipal solid waste nor considered a
hazardous waste under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, such as certain types of manufacturing wastes and
wastewaters.
Non-aqueous Waste: Waste that is not aqueous
waste. Concentration requirements for non-aqueous wastes are based
on analysis of grab samples on a milligram per kilogram (mg/kg)
basis.
Office Paper: refers to high-grade papers such as
copier paper, computer printout, and stationery. These papers are
almost entirely made of uncoated chemical pulp, although some
amounts of groundwood are used. It should be noted that this
category of paper also is generated at locations other than
offices, such as homes and institutions (schools).
Oil and Gas Waste: refers to gas and oil
drilling muds, oil production brines, and other wastes associated
with the exploration, development, or production of crude oil or
natural gas.
Old Corrugated Containers (OCC): refers to
corrugated containers made from unbleached, unwaxed paper with a
ruffled (corrugated) inner liner.
Old Magazines: refers to dry, coated magazines,
catalogues, and similar printed materials.
Old Newspaper: refers to periodicals printed on
newsprint. Includes groundwood inserts (advertisements). Examples
of recycling include processing old newspapers into new paper
products (newspaper, paperboard, boxboard, or animal bedding).
Other Ferrous Metals: refers to ferrous metals
from strapping, furniture, and metal found in tires and consumer
electronics. Excludes the large quantities of metals found
in construction materials or transportation products, such as
automobiles, locomotives, and ships.
Other Glass: refers to glass from furniture,
appliances, and consumer electronics. Excludes glass from
transportation products and construction and demolition debris.
Examples of recycling include processing glass into new glass
products such as containers, construction materials (aggregate), or
fiberglass (insulation).
Other Nonferrous Metals: refers to nonferrous
metals (lead, copper, and zinc) from appliances, consumer
electronics, and nonpackaging aluminum products (foil, closures,
and aluminum lids from bimetal cans). Excludes nonferrous
metals from industrial applications and construction and demolition
debris.
Other Paper: refers to paper from books, third
class mail, other commercial printing, paper towels, paper plates
and cups, other nonpackaging paper (posters, photographic papers,
cards, and games), milk cartons, folding boxes (cereal boxes),
bags, wrapping papers, and other paper and paperboard products.
Other Plastic: refers to plastic from
appliances, furniture, trash bags, cups, eating utensils, sporting
and recreational equipment, and other nonpackaging plastic
products.
Other Recyclables: refers to household
hazardous waste, oil filters, fluorescent tubes, mattresses,
consumer electronics, circuit boards, and other miscellaneous
recyclable items found in municipal solid waste that cannot be
otherwise categorized.
Other Solid Waste: refers to nonhazardous solid
wastes, other than municipal solid waste, such as municipal sludge,
industrial nonhazardous waste, construction and demolition waste,
agricultural waste, oil and gas waste, and mining waste.
Other Wood: refers to wood from furniture,
cabinets from consumer electronics, and other nonpackaging wood
products. Excludes wood recovered from construction and
demolition activities (lumber and tree stumps) and industrial
process waste (shavings and sawdust).
Examples of recycling include processing wood into mulch, compost
additive, or animal bedding.
Overissue Publications (Overissues): refers to
printed publications, such as newspapers and magazines, that are
defined as unsold inventory by the publisher. Overissues are not
considered postconsumer waste.
Pallet: refers to a portable platform made of
wood or plastic lumber used for storing or moving cargo or freight.
(National Wooden Pallet and Container Association)
Paper: refers to paper products and materials
such as old newspapers, old magazines, office papers, telephone
directories, old corrugated containers, bags, and some paperboard
packaging. Examples of recycling include processing paper into new
paper products (tissue, paperboard, hydromulch, animal bedding, or
insulation materials).
Paper Processor: refers to an intermediate
operating facility where recovered paper products and materials are
sorted, cleaned of contaminants, and prepared for final recycling.
Examples include paper stock dealers and paper packers.
PETE (Polyethylene Terephthalate): refers to a
thermoplastic material used to manufacture plastic soft drink
containers and rigid containers. PETE has a high melting point, is
clear in its natural state, and has a relatively high density.
Plastic: refers to plastic containers and
packaging made from various resins, including PETE, HDPE, PVC,
LDPE, PP, and PS. Excludes plastics in transportation
(automobiles) and construction products (PVC piping).
Plastic Processor: refers to an intermediate
operating facility where recovered plastic products and materials
are sorted, cleaned of contaminants, and prepared for final
recycling. Examples include plastics handlers and plastics
reclaimers.
Plastics Handler: refers to companies that
prepare recyclable plastics by sorting, baling, shredding,
granulating, and/or storing plastics until a sufficient quantity is
on hand. (American Plastics Council, 1996)
Plastics Reclaimer: refers to companies that
further process plastics after the handling stage by performing at
least one of the following functions: washing/cleaning,
pelletizing, or producing a new product.
Postconsumer Materials/Waste: refers to
recovered materials that have been used as a consumer item and are
diverted from municipal solid waste for the purpose of collection,
recycling, and disposition (aluminum beverage cans, plastic
bottles, old newspapers, and yard trimmings). Excludes
materials from industrial processes that have not reached the
consumer, such as glass broken in the manufacturing process or
overissues of newspapers and magazines.
PP (Polypropylene): refers to a plastic polymer
formed by linking propylene molecules. PP has good resistance to
heat and is used in flexible and rigid packaging, film, and
textiles.
Preconsumer Materials/Waste: refers to
materials generated in manufacturing and converting processes, such
as manufacturing scrap and trimmings/cuttings. Also includes print
overruns, overissue publications (newspapers and magazines), and
obsolete inventories.
Print Overruns: refers to a quantity of paper
that is printed beyond the quantity specified.
Processors: refers to intermediate operators
that handle recyclable materials from collectors and generators for
the purpose of preparing materials for recycling (material recovery
facilities, scrap metal yards, paper dealers, and glass
beneficiation plants). Processors act as intermediaries between
collectors and end users of recovered materials.
PS (Polystyrene): refers to a plastic polymer
formed by linking styrene molecules. PS is used to make a variety
of products including plastic cutlery and food containers. It is
often used in its foamed state.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): refers to the family
of plastic copolymers, also known as vinyl. PVC is used to make
products such as pipes, bottles, upholstery, and automotive
parts.
Receiver: The operator of any facility to which
waste is transferred by a carrier. This includes transfer stations,
processing facilities and final disposal sites.
Scrap Metal Processor: refers to an intermediate
operating facility where recovered metal is sorted, cleaned of
contaminants, and prepared for final recycling. Examples include
scrap metal yards and scrap metal dealers.
Small (Minor) Appliances: refers to many
different types, sizes, and styles of electric fans, coffee makers,
electric irons, food mixers, etc. Aluminum and plastic are the
predominant materials used in small appliances.
Source Reduction: refers to the design,
manufacture, purchase, or use of materials, such as products and
packaging, to reduce the amount or toxicity of materials before
they enter the municipal solid waste management system, such as
redesigning products or packaging to reduce the quantity of
materials or the toxicity of the materials used; reusing products
or packaging already manufactured; and lengthening the life of
products to postpone disposal. Examples include donating food to
food banks, diverting food scraps and yard trimmings through
backyard (onsite) composting, and reusing plastic pallets. Also
referred to as waste prevention.
Telephone Directories: refers to telephone
directories printed on paper with high groundwood content. Other
directories, such as zip code and area code directories, are
included in this category when they are printed on the same type of
paper.
Textiles: refers to fibers from discarded
apparel, furniture, linens (sheets and towels), and carpets.
Examples of recycling include converting apparel and linens into
wiper rags and processing textiles into new products (linen paper
or carpet padding).
Tin/Steel Cans: refers to tin-coated steel
containers such as cans used for food packaging.
Tire Processor: refers to an intermediate
operating facility where recovered tires are processed in
preparation for recycling.
Tires: refers to passenger car and light- and
heavy-duty truck tires. Excludes high-speed industrial
tires (from airplanes), bus tires, motorcycle tires, and special
service tires, such as military, agricultural, off-road, and slow
speed industrial tires (from construction vehicles). Examples of
recycling include processing car and truck tires into new rubber
products (trash cans, storage containers, and rubberized asphalt),
and the use of whole tires for playground and reef
construction.
Transfer Station: refers to a facility where
solid waste is transferred from collection vehicles to larger
trucks or rail cars for longer distance transport.
Tree Stumps: refers to the portion of a tree
remaining after it has been cut. Tree stumps are categorized as
yard trimmings when found in municipal solid waste. Otherwise, tree
stumps are generally found in, and categorized as, construction and
demolition debris.
Used Oil: refers to spent motor oil from
passenger cars and trucks that is collected at specified locations
for recycling. Used oil is excluded from the category of
municipal solid waste.
Waste Characterization Studies: refers to the
identification and measurement (by weight or volume) of specific
categories of municipal solid waste materials (glass, plastic, and
metals) for the purpose of projecting landfill capacity,
determining best management practices and developing cost-effective
recycling programs.
Waste Generation: refers to the amount (weight
or volume) of materials and products that enter the waste stream
before recycling, composting, landfilling, or combustion takes
place.
Waste Stream: refers to the total flow of solid
waste from homes, businesses, institutions, and manufacturing
plants that must be recycled, incinerated, or disposed of in
landfills; or any segment thereof, such as the residential waste
stream or the recyclable waste stream.
Waste-To-Energy Facility/Combustor: refers to a
facility where recovered municipal solid waste is converted into a
usable form of energy, usually through combustion.
White Goods: refers to major appliances such as
refrigerators, stoves, air conditioners, and washing machines.
Also see Major Appliances and Bulky Waste.
White Ledger: refers to printed or unprinted
sheets of white sulphite or sulphate ledger, bond, writing paper,
and all other papers which have a similar fiber and filler
content.
Wood Packaging: refers to wood products such as
pallets, crates, and barrels. Excludes wood from furniture
and other nonpackaging wood products. Examples of recycling include
processing wood into new products (mulch and compost).
Yard Trimmings: refers to grass, leaves, tree
branches and brush, and tree stumps from residential,
institutional, and commercial sources. Examples of recycling
include processing yard trimmings into compost, mulch, or other
similar uses, and landspreading leaves (when the depth of the
application allows for degradation of the organic plant
material).
Yard Trimmings Processor: refers to an
intermediate operating facility where recovered yard trimmings are
sorted, cleaned of contaminants, and prepared for final
recycling.